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TRAVEL:
Entry
Requirements:
A passport and return/onward
ticket are required to obtain an entry permit valid for
90 days.
Vaccinations:
A yellow fever vaccination certificate
is required from travelers older than 1 year of age arriving
from a yellow fever infected area.
Altitude Sickness (AMS): Extreme variations in altitude
occur in this country. Risk of altitude sickness (acute
mountain sickness-AMS) is present for tourists arriving
in Quito (altitude 3,000 meters) and other high-altitude
destinations. Travelers to high altitudes should consider
prophylaxis with acetazolamide (Diamox), as well as gradual
ascent if going to higher altitudes. The best treatment
for AMS, is immediate descent to a lower altitude.
Dengue Fever: The
greatest risk of infection occurs in the coastal urban
areas, especially in Guayas, Loja, and Esmeraldas Provinces,
but dengue is also endemic in urban and rural areas throughout
this country. The Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which transmit
dengue, bite primarily during the daytime
Malaria:
This
disease occurs countrywide in coastal and rural areas
below 2,000 meters elevation;
overall risk may be elevated in the northern lowlands
on both sides of the Andes. Travelers visiting only Quito,
the central highland tourist areas (including Cotopaxi
volcano), Cuenca, Guayaquil city, or the Galapagos Islands
are not at risk and do not require prophylaxis. In malarious
areas, risk may be increased February through August.
The coastal provinces of Esmeraldas, Guayas (including
Guayaquil), and Manabi account for two-thirds of all officially
reported malaria, followed by Los Rios, Pinchincha, and
Napo Provinces. Other provinces with malaria include El
Oro, Morona-Santiago, Pastaza, Sucumbios, and Zamora-Chinchipe.
Countrywide, 65%-70% of malaria is vivax, 30% to 35% is
falciparum, but falciparum causes up to 70% of malaria
in Manabi Province. Chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum
likely occurs in all malarious areas.
• Prophylaxis with atovaquone/proguanil (Malarone),
mefloquine (Lariam), or doxycycline is recommended.
• All travelers should take measures to prevent
evening and nighttime mosquito bites.
Onchocerciasis:
This
disease occurs along river systems in Esmeraldas Province
(northwestern Ecuador). Infection rates up to 95% are
reported among some Amerindian communities in the Santiago
River basin. Outbreaks are reported spreading from Esmeraldas
Province to other parts of the country. All travelers
to rural areas with fast-flowing rivers should take measures
to prevent insect (blackfly) bites.
Paragonimiasis
(lung fluke disease):
This
may be one of the most prevalent and least recognizable
public health problems in Ecuador. Nearly one-half of
Ecuador’s rural population is estimated to be infected.
Risk may be elevated in the northern and western coastal
areas including Esmeraldas and Manabi Provinces. All travelers
should avoid eating uncooked crustacea, especially raw
freshwater crabs and crayfish, which harbor the infective
cercariae.
Travelers'
Diarrhea:
High
risk. Contaminated water is a major problem throughout
Ecuador. Even the two largest cities, Quito and Guayaquil,
do not have reliable sources of safe, potable water. Travelers
should follow food and drink precautions. A quinolone
antibiotic is recommended for the treatment of diarrhea.
Diarrhea not responding to antibiotic treatment may be
due to a parasitic disease such as giardiasis, amebiasis,
or cryptosporidiosis.
Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis
is a major public health problem in this country. Travelers
planning an extended stay should have a predeparture TB
skin test (PPD test) and be re-rested after leaving this
country.
Typhoid
Fever:
Typhoid
vaccine is recommended. Focal outbreaks occur throughout
the country. Large outbreaks have occurred in Quito. Because
the typhoid vaccines are only 60% to 70% effective, safe
food and drink selection remain important.
Yellow Fever: This
disease is currently active in this country. Provinces
reporting yellow fever activity include Morona-Santiago,
Napo, Pastaza, Sucumbios, and Zamora-Chinchipe. Vaccination
is recommended for travel outside urban areas. This country
is in the Yellow Fever Endemic Zone. Although yellow fever
vaccination is not required for entry into this country
if arriving from the United States or Canada, it may be
required for ongoing travel to other countries in Latin
America, Africa, the Middle East, or Asia. |